"Old Master" (or "old master") refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print (for example an engraving or etching) made by an artist in the same period. Likewise an "old master drawing".
In theory an Old Master should be an artist who was fully trained, was a Master of his local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice paintings considered to be produced by pupils or workshops will be included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term often had a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470; paintings made before that were "primitives"; but this distinction is no longer made. The original OED from the beginning of the 20th century, defines the term as "a 'master' who lived before the period accounted 'modern', chiefly applied to painters from the 13th to the 16th or 17th century." Rather surprisingly, the first quotation they give is from a popular encyclopedia of 1840: "As a painter of animals, Edwin Landseer far surpasses any of the old masters". There are comparable terms in Dutch, French and German; the Dutch may have been the first to make use of the term, in the 18th century, when it mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century. Les Maitres d'autrefois of 1876 by Eugene Fromentin may have helped to popularize the concept, although "vieux maitres" is also used in French. The famous collection in Dresden at the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister is one of the few museums to include the term in its actual name, although many more use it in the title of departments or sections. The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period.
The end-date is necessarily vague—Goya (1746–1828) is certainly an Old Master, and he was still painting and printmaking at his death in 1828. For example, the term might be used, but usually is not, about John Constable (1776–1837) or Eugène Delacroix (1798–1868).
The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague, especially when discussing paintings, although the terms Old Master Prints and Old Master drawings are still used. It remains more current in the art trade. Auction houses still usually divide their sales between, for example: "Old Master Paintings", "Nineteenth-century paintings" and "Modern paintings". Christie's defines the term as ranging "from the 14th to the early 19th century".
Important Old Masters Painters
Cimabue (Italian, 1240–1302)
Giotto di Bondone (Italian, 1267–1337)
Duccio (Italian, 1255–1318)
Simone Martini (Italian, 1285–1344)
Jean Pucelle (French, 1290–1334)
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian, fl 1319–1348)
Pietro Lorenzetti (Italian, fl 1320–1345)
Lorenzo Monaco (Italian, 1370–1425)
Gentile da Fabriano (Italian, 1370–1427)
Robert Campin (Flemish, 1375–1444
Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian, 1377–1446)
Masolino (Italian, 1383–1440)
Limbourg brothers (Flemish, 1390–1416)
Pisanello (Italian, 1394–1455)
Sassetta (Italian, 1395–1450)
Jan van Eyck (1395–1441)
Paolo Uccello (Italian, 1397–1475)
Fra Angelico (Italian, 1400–1455)
Domenico Veneziano (Italian, 1400–1461)
Jacopo Bellini (Italian, 1400–1470)
Hans Multscher (German, 1400–1467)
Stefan Lochner (German, 1400–1451)
Konrad Witz (Swiss, 1400–1447)
Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, 1400–1464)
Masaccio (Italian, 1401–1428)
Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, 1403–1482)
Andrea del Castagno (Italian, 1410–1457)
Petrus Christus (Flemish, 1410–1472)
Piero della Francesca (Italian, 1415–1492)
Benozzo Gozzoli (Italian, 1420–1497)
Jean Fouquet (French, 1420–1481)
Dirk Bouts (Dutch, 1420–1475)
Simon Marmion (French, 1420–1489)
Meister Francke (German, fl.1424-35)
Alesso Baldovinetti (Italian, 1425–1499)
Vincenzo Foppa (Italian, 1425–1515)
Gentile Bellini (Italian, 1429–1507)
Hans Pleydenwurff (German, 1429–1472)
Giovanni Bellini (Italian, 1430–1516)
Antonello da Messina (Italian, 1430–1479)
Cosimo Tura (Italian, 1430–1495)
Matteo di Giovanni (Italian, 1430–1495)
Hans Memling (German born-Flemish, 1430–1494)
Martin Schongauer (German, 1430–1491)
Andrea Mantegna (Italian, 1431–1506)
Antonio Pollaiuolo (Italian, 1431–1498)
Lucas Moser (German, fl.1431-40)
Bartolommeo Vivarini (Italian, 1432–1499)
Michael Wolgemut (German, 1434–1519)
Michael Pacher (Austrian 1435–1498)
Carlo Crivelli (Italian, 1435–1495)
Francesco Cossa (Italian, 1435–1477)
Verrocchio (Italian, 1435–1488)
Melozzo da Forli (Italian, 1438–1494)
Francesco di Giorgio (Italian, 1439–1502)
Hugo van der Goes (Flemish, 1440–1483)
Rueland Frueauf the Elder (German, 1440–1507)
Luca Signorelli (Italian, 1441–1523)
Perugino (Italian, 1445–1523)
Sandro Botticelli (Italian, 1445–1510)
Alvise Vivarini (Italian, 1445–1503)
Domenico Ghirlandaio (Italian, 1449–1494)
Francesco Francia (Italian, 1450–1517)
Hieronymus Bosch (Dutch, 1450–1516)
Nicolas Froment (French, fl.1450-90)
Gerard David (Flemish, 1450–1523)
Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452–1519)
Vittore Carpaccio (Italian, 1455–1526)
Cima da Conegliano (Italian, 1459–1517)
Lorenzo Costa (Italian, 1460–1535)
Geertgen tot Sint Jans (Dutch, 1460–1490)
Hans Holbein the Elder (German, 1460–1524)
Piero di Cosimo (Italian, 1462–1521)
Quentin Massys (Flemish, 1466–1530)
Pellegrino da San Daniele (Italian, 1467–1547)
Jan Mabuse (Flemish, 1470–1533)
Matthias Grunewald (German, 1470–1528)
Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528)
Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472–1553)
Fra Bartolommeo (Italian, 1472–1517)
Hans Burgkmair (German, 1473–1531)
Mariotto Albertinelli (Italian, 1474–1515)
Michelangelo (Italian, 1475–1564)
Bernardino Luini (Italian, 1475–1532)
Marcantonio Raimondi (Italian, 1475–1534)
Jean Clouet (French, 1475–1547)
Jorg Breu (German, 1475–1537)
Giorgione (Italian, 1477–1510)
Titian (Italian, c.1477–1576)
Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, Italian, 1477–1549)
Dosso Dossi (Italian, 1479–1542)
Palma Vecchio (Italian, 1480–1528)
Lorenzo Lotto (Italian, 1480–1556)
Albrecht Altdorfer (German, 1480–1538)
Maitre de Moulins (French, fl.1480)
Housebook Master (German, fl.1480-90)
Leonhard Beck (German, 1480–1542)
Il Garofalo (Italian, 1481–1559)
Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (Italian, 1483–1561)
Raphael (Italian, 1483–1520)
Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484–1545)
Domenico Campagnola (Italian, 1484–1540)
Sebastiano del Piombo (Italian, 1485–1547)
Joachim Patenier (Flemish, 1485–1524)
Jean Duvet (1485–1561)
Joos van Cleve (Flemish, 1485–1540)
Jacopo Sansovino (Italian, 1486–1570)
Andrea del Sarto (Italian; 1486–1531)
Beccafumi (Italian, 1486–1551)
Alfonso Lombardi (Italian, 1487–1537)
Bernard van Orley (Flemish, 1488–1541)
Correggio (Italian, 1490–1534)
Hans Springinklee (German, 1490–1540)
Wolf Huber (German, 1490–1553)
Giulio Romano (Italian, 1492–1546)
Bartolommeo Bandinelli (Italian, 1493–1560)
Lucas van Leyden (Dutch, 1494–1533)
Pontormo (Italian, 1494–1556)
Rosso Fiorentino (Italian, 1494–1540)
Jan van Scorel (Dutch, 1495–1562)
Hans Holbein the Younger (German, 1497–1543)
Maarten van Heemskerck (Dutch, 1498–1574)
Alessandro Moretto (Italian, 1498–1555)
Giulio Clovio (Croatian born Italian, 1498–1578)
Georg Pencz (German, 1500–1550)
Sebald Beham (German, 1500–1550)
Niccolo Tribolo (Italian, 1500–1550)
Benvenuto Cellini (Italian, 1500–1571)
Barthel Beham (German, 1502–1540)
Parmigianino (Italian, 1503–1540)
Angelo Bronzino (Italian, 1503–1572)
Jacob Seisenegger (Dutch, 1505–1567)
Pieter Aertsen (Dutch, 1508–1575)
Francois Clouet (French 1510–1572)
Giorgio Vasari (Italian, 1511–1575)
Jacopo Bassano (Italian, 1515–1592)
Lucas Cranach the Younger (German, 1515–1586)
Jacopo Tintoretto (Italian, 1518–1594)
Antonio Moro (Dutch, 1519–1576)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Flemish, c.1525–1569)
Giovanni Battista Moroni (Italian, 1525–1578)
Federico Barocci (Italian, 1526–1612)
Giuseppe Arcimboldo (Italian, c.1527–1593)
Paolo Veronese (Italian, c.1528–1588)
Denis Calvaert (Flemish, 1540–1619)
El Greco (Greek-born Spanish, 1541–1614)
Scipione Pulzone (Italian, 1542–1598)
Bartholomeus Spranger (Flemish, 1546–1611)
Karel van Mander (Flemish born Dutch, 1548–1606)
Jacopo Chimenti (Italian, 1554–1640)
Giovanni Battista Paggi (Italian, 1554–1627)
Antonio Tempesta (Italian, 1555–1630)
Lodovico Caracci (Italian, 1555–1619)
Bartolomeo Cesi (Italian, 1556–1629)
Alessandro Maganza (Italian, 1556–1640)
Bernardo Castello (Italian, 1557–1629)
Agostino Caracci (Italian, 1557–1602)
Lodovico Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613)
Enea Talpino (Italian, 1559–1626)
Bartolomeo Carducci (Italian, 1560–1610)
Annibale Carracci (Italian, 1560–1609)
Cornelis van Haarlem (Dutch, 1562–1638)
Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563–1639)
Hans Rottenhammer (German, 1564–1625)
Pieter Bruegel the Younger (Flemish, 1564–1636)
Francisco Pacheco (Spanish, 1564–1654)
Giovanni Pietro de Pomis (Italian, 1565?–1633)
Francisco Ribalta (Spanish, 1565–1628)
Abraham Bloemaert (Dutch, 1566–1651)
Joachim Wtewael (Dutch, 1566–1638)
Juan de Jauregui y Aguilar (Spanish, 1566–1641)
Jan Brueghel the Elder (Flemish, 1568–1625)
Juan Martinez Montanes (Spanish, 1568–1649)
Egidius Sadeler (Flemish, 1570–1629)
Caravaggio (Italian, 1573–1610)
Guido Reni (Italian, 1575–1642)
Gregorio Fernández (Spanish, 1576–1636)
Roelant Savery (Flemish born Dutch, 1576–1639)
Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640)
Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578–1610)
Frans Snyders (Flemish, 1578–1657)
Frans Hals (Dutch, 1580–1666)
Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581–1644)
Pieter Lastman (Dutch, 1583–1633)
Jean de Beaugrand (French, 1584–1640)
Hendrick Terbrugghen (Dutch, 1588–1629)
Johann Liss (German, 1590–1631)
Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1590–1636)
Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591– 1652)
Guercino (Italian, 1591–1666)
Artemisia Gentileschi (Italian, 1592–1656)
Georges de La Tour (French, 1593–1652)
Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593–1678)
Louis Le Nain (French, 1593–1648)
Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594–1665)
Wouter Crabeth II (Dutch, 1594–1644)
Willem Claeszoon Heda (Dutch, 1594– 1682)
Dirck van Baburen (Dutch, 1595–1624)
Pietro da Cortona (Italian, 1596–1669)
Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish, 1598–1664)
Gianlorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680)
Antoine Le Nain (French, 1599–1648)
Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599–1641)
Diego Velázquez (Spanish, 1599–1660)
Claude Lorrain (French, 1600–1682)
Pieter de Grebber (Dutch, 1600–1652)
Matthias Stom (Dutch, 1600–1652)
Alonso Cano (Spanish, 1601–1667)
Jan Brueghel the Younger (Flemish, 1601–1678)
Adriaen Brouwer (Flemish. 1605–1638)
Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669)
Mathieu Le Nain (French, 1607–1677)
Jan Lievens (Dutch, 1607–1674)
Jacob Adriaensz Backer (Dutch, 1608–1651)
Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (Italian, 1609–1664)
Jan Davidsz de Heem (Dutch, 1609–1683)
David Teniers the Younger (Flemish, 1610–1690)
Adriaen van Ostade (Dutch, 1610–1685)
Mattia Preti (Italian, 1613–1699)
Gerrit Dou (Dutch, 1613–1675)
Govert Flinck (Dutch, 1615–1660)
Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615–1673)
Carlo Dolci (Italian, 1616–1686)
Ferdinand Bol (Dutch, 1616–1680)
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617–1682)
Evaristo Baschenis (Italian, 1617–1677)
Gerard Terborch (Dutch, 1617–1681)
Willem Kalf (Dutch, 1619–1693)
Albert Cuyp (Dutch, 1620–1691)
Juan de Valdes Leal (Spanish, 1622–1690)
Jan Havickszoon Steen (Dutch, 1625–1679)
Samuel van Hoogstraten (Dutch, 1627–1678)
Jan de Bray (Dutch, 1627-1697)
Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628–1688)
Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628–1682)
Gabriel Metsu (Dutch, 1629–1667)
Pieter de Hooch (Dutch, 1629–1683)
Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675)
Luca Giordano (Italian, 1634–1705)
Frans van Mieris the Elder (Dutch, 1635–1681)
Meindert Hobbema (Dutch, 1638–1709)
Andrea Pozzo (Italian, 1642–1709)
Aert de Gelder (Dutch 1645–1727)
Hans Adam Weissenkircher (Austrian, 1646–1695)
Johann Michael Rottmayr (Austrian, 1656–1730)
Adriaen van der Werff (Dutch, 1659–1722)
Rachel Ruysch (Dutch, 1664–1750)
Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682–1754)
Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684–1721)
Giovan Battista Pittoni or Giambattista Pittoni (Italian, 1687–1767)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1691–1770)
Canaletto (Italian, 1697–1768)
Giovanni Maria Morlaiter (Italian, 1699–1781)
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (French, 1699–1779)
François Boucher (French, 1703–1770)
Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704–1761)
Pompeo Batoni (Italian, 1708–1787)
Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793)
Martin Johann Schmidt (Austrian, 1718–1801)
Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1720–1780)
Franz Anton Maulbertsch (Austrian, 1724–1796)
Jean-Baptiste Greuze (French, 1725–1805)
Anton Raphael Mengs (German, 1728–1779)
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French, 1732–1806)
Gaetano Gandolfi (Italian, 1734–1802)
Benjamin West (American born British, 1738–1820)
Francisco Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828)
Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748–1825)
Henry Raeburn (Scottish, 1756–1823)
William Blake (British, 1757–1827)
Antoine Jean Gros (French, 1771–1835)
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (French, 1780–1867)
Théodore Géricault (French, 1791 - 1824)
Eugène Delacroix (French, 1798–1863)
Oil Master Paintings are sometimes found in Fine Furnishings and Decorated Arts auctions at Centurion Auctioneers which are held regularly.
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In theory an Old Master should be an artist who was fully trained, was a Master of his local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice paintings considered to be produced by pupils or workshops will be included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term often had a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470; paintings made before that were "primitives"; but this distinction is no longer made. The original OED from the beginning of the 20th century, defines the term as "a 'master' who lived before the period accounted 'modern', chiefly applied to painters from the 13th to the 16th or 17th century." Rather surprisingly, the first quotation they give is from a popular encyclopedia of 1840: "As a painter of animals, Edwin Landseer far surpasses any of the old masters". There are comparable terms in Dutch, French and German; the Dutch may have been the first to make use of the term, in the 18th century, when it mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century. Les Maitres d'autrefois of 1876 by Eugene Fromentin may have helped to popularize the concept, although "vieux maitres" is also used in French. The famous collection in Dresden at the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister is one of the few museums to include the term in its actual name, although many more use it in the title of departments or sections. The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period.
The end-date is necessarily vague—Goya (1746–1828) is certainly an Old Master, and he was still painting and printmaking at his death in 1828. For example, the term might be used, but usually is not, about John Constable (1776–1837) or Eugène Delacroix (1798–1868).
The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague, especially when discussing paintings, although the terms Old Master Prints and Old Master drawings are still used. It remains more current in the art trade. Auction houses still usually divide their sales between, for example: "Old Master Paintings", "Nineteenth-century paintings" and "Modern paintings". Christie's defines the term as ranging "from the 14th to the early 19th century".
Important Old Masters Painters
Cimabue (Italian, 1240–1302)
Giotto di Bondone (Italian, 1267–1337)
Duccio (Italian, 1255–1318)
Simone Martini (Italian, 1285–1344)
Jean Pucelle (French, 1290–1334)
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian, fl 1319–1348)
Pietro Lorenzetti (Italian, fl 1320–1345)
Lorenzo Monaco (Italian, 1370–1425)
Gentile da Fabriano (Italian, 1370–1427)
Robert Campin (Flemish, 1375–1444
Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian, 1377–1446)
Masolino (Italian, 1383–1440)
Limbourg brothers (Flemish, 1390–1416)
Pisanello (Italian, 1394–1455)
Sassetta (Italian, 1395–1450)
Jan van Eyck (1395–1441)
Paolo Uccello (Italian, 1397–1475)
Fra Angelico (Italian, 1400–1455)
Domenico Veneziano (Italian, 1400–1461)
Jacopo Bellini (Italian, 1400–1470)
Hans Multscher (German, 1400–1467)
Stefan Lochner (German, 1400–1451)
Konrad Witz (Swiss, 1400–1447)
Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, 1400–1464)
Masaccio (Italian, 1401–1428)
Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, 1403–1482)
Andrea del Castagno (Italian, 1410–1457)
Petrus Christus (Flemish, 1410–1472)
Piero della Francesca (Italian, 1415–1492)
Benozzo Gozzoli (Italian, 1420–1497)
Jean Fouquet (French, 1420–1481)
Dirk Bouts (Dutch, 1420–1475)
Simon Marmion (French, 1420–1489)
Meister Francke (German, fl.1424-35)
Alesso Baldovinetti (Italian, 1425–1499)
Vincenzo Foppa (Italian, 1425–1515)
Gentile Bellini (Italian, 1429–1507)
Hans Pleydenwurff (German, 1429–1472)
Giovanni Bellini (Italian, 1430–1516)
Antonello da Messina (Italian, 1430–1479)
Cosimo Tura (Italian, 1430–1495)
Matteo di Giovanni (Italian, 1430–1495)
Hans Memling (German born-Flemish, 1430–1494)
Martin Schongauer (German, 1430–1491)
Andrea Mantegna (Italian, 1431–1506)
Antonio Pollaiuolo (Italian, 1431–1498)
Lucas Moser (German, fl.1431-40)
Bartolommeo Vivarini (Italian, 1432–1499)
Michael Wolgemut (German, 1434–1519)
Michael Pacher (Austrian 1435–1498)
Carlo Crivelli (Italian, 1435–1495)
Francesco Cossa (Italian, 1435–1477)
Verrocchio (Italian, 1435–1488)
Melozzo da Forli (Italian, 1438–1494)
Francesco di Giorgio (Italian, 1439–1502)
Hugo van der Goes (Flemish, 1440–1483)
Rueland Frueauf the Elder (German, 1440–1507)
Luca Signorelli (Italian, 1441–1523)
Perugino (Italian, 1445–1523)
Sandro Botticelli (Italian, 1445–1510)
Alvise Vivarini (Italian, 1445–1503)
Domenico Ghirlandaio (Italian, 1449–1494)
Francesco Francia (Italian, 1450–1517)
Hieronymus Bosch (Dutch, 1450–1516)
Nicolas Froment (French, fl.1450-90)
Gerard David (Flemish, 1450–1523)
Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452–1519)
Vittore Carpaccio (Italian, 1455–1526)
Cima da Conegliano (Italian, 1459–1517)
Lorenzo Costa (Italian, 1460–1535)
Geertgen tot Sint Jans (Dutch, 1460–1490)
Hans Holbein the Elder (German, 1460–1524)
Piero di Cosimo (Italian, 1462–1521)
Quentin Massys (Flemish, 1466–1530)
Pellegrino da San Daniele (Italian, 1467–1547)
Jan Mabuse (Flemish, 1470–1533)
Matthias Grunewald (German, 1470–1528)
Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528)
Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472–1553)
Fra Bartolommeo (Italian, 1472–1517)
Hans Burgkmair (German, 1473–1531)
Mariotto Albertinelli (Italian, 1474–1515)
Michelangelo (Italian, 1475–1564)
Bernardino Luini (Italian, 1475–1532)
Marcantonio Raimondi (Italian, 1475–1534)
Jean Clouet (French, 1475–1547)
Jorg Breu (German, 1475–1537)
Giorgione (Italian, 1477–1510)
Titian (Italian, c.1477–1576)
Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, Italian, 1477–1549)
Dosso Dossi (Italian, 1479–1542)
Palma Vecchio (Italian, 1480–1528)
Lorenzo Lotto (Italian, 1480–1556)
Albrecht Altdorfer (German, 1480–1538)
Maitre de Moulins (French, fl.1480)
Housebook Master (German, fl.1480-90)
Leonhard Beck (German, 1480–1542)
Il Garofalo (Italian, 1481–1559)
Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (Italian, 1483–1561)
Raphael (Italian, 1483–1520)
Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484–1545)
Domenico Campagnola (Italian, 1484–1540)
Sebastiano del Piombo (Italian, 1485–1547)
Joachim Patenier (Flemish, 1485–1524)
Jean Duvet (1485–1561)
Joos van Cleve (Flemish, 1485–1540)
Jacopo Sansovino (Italian, 1486–1570)
Andrea del Sarto (Italian; 1486–1531)
Beccafumi (Italian, 1486–1551)
Alfonso Lombardi (Italian, 1487–1537)
Bernard van Orley (Flemish, 1488–1541)
Correggio (Italian, 1490–1534)
Hans Springinklee (German, 1490–1540)
Wolf Huber (German, 1490–1553)
Giulio Romano (Italian, 1492–1546)
Bartolommeo Bandinelli (Italian, 1493–1560)
Lucas van Leyden (Dutch, 1494–1533)
Pontormo (Italian, 1494–1556)
Rosso Fiorentino (Italian, 1494–1540)
Jan van Scorel (Dutch, 1495–1562)
Hans Holbein the Younger (German, 1497–1543)
Maarten van Heemskerck (Dutch, 1498–1574)
Alessandro Moretto (Italian, 1498–1555)
Giulio Clovio (Croatian born Italian, 1498–1578)
Georg Pencz (German, 1500–1550)
Sebald Beham (German, 1500–1550)
Niccolo Tribolo (Italian, 1500–1550)
Benvenuto Cellini (Italian, 1500–1571)
Barthel Beham (German, 1502–1540)
Parmigianino (Italian, 1503–1540)
Angelo Bronzino (Italian, 1503–1572)
Jacob Seisenegger (Dutch, 1505–1567)
Pieter Aertsen (Dutch, 1508–1575)
Francois Clouet (French 1510–1572)
Giorgio Vasari (Italian, 1511–1575)
Jacopo Bassano (Italian, 1515–1592)
Lucas Cranach the Younger (German, 1515–1586)
Jacopo Tintoretto (Italian, 1518–1594)
Antonio Moro (Dutch, 1519–1576)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Flemish, c.1525–1569)
Giovanni Battista Moroni (Italian, 1525–1578)
Federico Barocci (Italian, 1526–1612)
Giuseppe Arcimboldo (Italian, c.1527–1593)
Paolo Veronese (Italian, c.1528–1588)
Denis Calvaert (Flemish, 1540–1619)
El Greco (Greek-born Spanish, 1541–1614)
Scipione Pulzone (Italian, 1542–1598)
Bartholomeus Spranger (Flemish, 1546–1611)
Karel van Mander (Flemish born Dutch, 1548–1606)
Jacopo Chimenti (Italian, 1554–1640)
Giovanni Battista Paggi (Italian, 1554–1627)
Antonio Tempesta (Italian, 1555–1630)
Lodovico Caracci (Italian, 1555–1619)
Bartolomeo Cesi (Italian, 1556–1629)
Alessandro Maganza (Italian, 1556–1640)
Bernardo Castello (Italian, 1557–1629)
Agostino Caracci (Italian, 1557–1602)
Lodovico Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613)
Enea Talpino (Italian, 1559–1626)
Bartolomeo Carducci (Italian, 1560–1610)
Annibale Carracci (Italian, 1560–1609)
Cornelis van Haarlem (Dutch, 1562–1638)
Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563–1639)
Hans Rottenhammer (German, 1564–1625)
Pieter Bruegel the Younger (Flemish, 1564–1636)
Francisco Pacheco (Spanish, 1564–1654)
Giovanni Pietro de Pomis (Italian, 1565?–1633)
Francisco Ribalta (Spanish, 1565–1628)
Abraham Bloemaert (Dutch, 1566–1651)
Joachim Wtewael (Dutch, 1566–1638)
Juan de Jauregui y Aguilar (Spanish, 1566–1641)
Jan Brueghel the Elder (Flemish, 1568–1625)
Juan Martinez Montanes (Spanish, 1568–1649)
Egidius Sadeler (Flemish, 1570–1629)
Caravaggio (Italian, 1573–1610)
Guido Reni (Italian, 1575–1642)
Gregorio Fernández (Spanish, 1576–1636)
Roelant Savery (Flemish born Dutch, 1576–1639)
Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640)
Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578–1610)
Frans Snyders (Flemish, 1578–1657)
Frans Hals (Dutch, 1580–1666)
Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581–1644)
Pieter Lastman (Dutch, 1583–1633)
Jean de Beaugrand (French, 1584–1640)
Hendrick Terbrugghen (Dutch, 1588–1629)
Johann Liss (German, 1590–1631)
Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1590–1636)
Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591– 1652)
Guercino (Italian, 1591–1666)
Artemisia Gentileschi (Italian, 1592–1656)
Georges de La Tour (French, 1593–1652)
Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593–1678)
Louis Le Nain (French, 1593–1648)
Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594–1665)
Wouter Crabeth II (Dutch, 1594–1644)
Willem Claeszoon Heda (Dutch, 1594– 1682)
Dirck van Baburen (Dutch, 1595–1624)
Pietro da Cortona (Italian, 1596–1669)
Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish, 1598–1664)
Gianlorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680)
Antoine Le Nain (French, 1599–1648)
Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599–1641)
Diego Velázquez (Spanish, 1599–1660)
Claude Lorrain (French, 1600–1682)
Pieter de Grebber (Dutch, 1600–1652)
Matthias Stom (Dutch, 1600–1652)
Alonso Cano (Spanish, 1601–1667)
Jan Brueghel the Younger (Flemish, 1601–1678)
Adriaen Brouwer (Flemish. 1605–1638)
Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669)
Mathieu Le Nain (French, 1607–1677)
Jan Lievens (Dutch, 1607–1674)
Jacob Adriaensz Backer (Dutch, 1608–1651)
Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (Italian, 1609–1664)
Jan Davidsz de Heem (Dutch, 1609–1683)
David Teniers the Younger (Flemish, 1610–1690)
Adriaen van Ostade (Dutch, 1610–1685)
Mattia Preti (Italian, 1613–1699)
Gerrit Dou (Dutch, 1613–1675)
Govert Flinck (Dutch, 1615–1660)
Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615–1673)
Carlo Dolci (Italian, 1616–1686)
Ferdinand Bol (Dutch, 1616–1680)
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617–1682)
Evaristo Baschenis (Italian, 1617–1677)
Gerard Terborch (Dutch, 1617–1681)
Willem Kalf (Dutch, 1619–1693)
Albert Cuyp (Dutch, 1620–1691)
Juan de Valdes Leal (Spanish, 1622–1690)
Jan Havickszoon Steen (Dutch, 1625–1679)
Samuel van Hoogstraten (Dutch, 1627–1678)
Jan de Bray (Dutch, 1627-1697)
Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628–1688)
Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628–1682)
Gabriel Metsu (Dutch, 1629–1667)
Pieter de Hooch (Dutch, 1629–1683)
Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675)
Luca Giordano (Italian, 1634–1705)
Frans van Mieris the Elder (Dutch, 1635–1681)
Meindert Hobbema (Dutch, 1638–1709)
Andrea Pozzo (Italian, 1642–1709)
Aert de Gelder (Dutch 1645–1727)
Hans Adam Weissenkircher (Austrian, 1646–1695)
Johann Michael Rottmayr (Austrian, 1656–1730)
Adriaen van der Werff (Dutch, 1659–1722)
Rachel Ruysch (Dutch, 1664–1750)
Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682–1754)
Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684–1721)
Giovan Battista Pittoni or Giambattista Pittoni (Italian, 1687–1767)
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1691–1770)
Canaletto (Italian, 1697–1768)
Giovanni Maria Morlaiter (Italian, 1699–1781)
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (French, 1699–1779)
François Boucher (French, 1703–1770)
Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704–1761)
Pompeo Batoni (Italian, 1708–1787)
Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712–1793)
Martin Johann Schmidt (Austrian, 1718–1801)
Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1720–1780)
Franz Anton Maulbertsch (Austrian, 1724–1796)
Jean-Baptiste Greuze (French, 1725–1805)
Anton Raphael Mengs (German, 1728–1779)
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French, 1732–1806)
Gaetano Gandolfi (Italian, 1734–1802)
Benjamin West (American born British, 1738–1820)
Francisco Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828)
Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748–1825)
Henry Raeburn (Scottish, 1756–1823)
William Blake (British, 1757–1827)
Antoine Jean Gros (French, 1771–1835)
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (French, 1780–1867)
Théodore Géricault (French, 1791 - 1824)
Eugène Delacroix (French, 1798–1863)
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PARIS 1648-1707
16¾ x 23¾ in. (42.5 x 60.4 cm.).
Sold £13,750 Christie's auctions
TAVERNA, CALABRIA 1613-1699 VALLETTA, MALTA
17¾ x 20¾ in. (45.1 x 52.7 cm.).
Sold $37,500 Christie's auctions
UTRECHT 1594/5-1667
45.3 x 58.2 cm.
Sold €29,050 Christie's auctions
18TH CENTURY
21½ x 27 3/8in. (54.6 x 69.1cm).
Sold $36,800 Christie's auctions
EYE 1706-1777 BATH
50¾ x 40 in. (128.9 x 101.6 cm.).
Sold £42,500 Christie's auctions
RAMSGATE 1729-1790 WAPPING
36 3/8 x 48¼ in. (92.4 x 122.6 cm.).
Sold £13,750 Christie's auctions
THE HAGUE C. 1590-1652 AND AMSTERDAM 1587-1630 THE HAGUE
24 5/8 x 37 1/8 in. (62.5 x 94.2 cm.).
Sold £145,250 Christie's auctions
BERGAMO 1617-1677
38 x 57 1/8 in. (98 x 145 cm.).
Sold $1,472,000 Christie's auctions
REGGIO EMILIA 1667-1720 PISA
8¾ x 11¾ in. (22.2 x 29.9 cm.).
Sold $84,000 Christie's auctions
ST GOAR 1657-1706 ROME
47 x 66½ in. (129.4 x 168.9 cm.).
Sold £8,400 Christie's auctions
1749-1833
51 x 71 in. (131.5 x 181 cm.).
Sold £43,250 Christie's auctions
1719-1765
22 x 39in. (55.9 x 99cm.).
Sold $27,600 Christie's auctions